地，完全地，坦率地"的意义。例如：The float bobbed up and down on the river. 筏子在江面载浮载沉。He thrust his hands into his pockets and walked up and down the office with measured steps.他把双手插在口袋里，迈着方步在办公室里踱来踱去。Where have you been? I have looked for you up and down for nearly half an hour.你刚才到哪里去了？我到处找你差不多有半个钟头了。Here is his hometown which he knows up and down.这儿是他十分熟悉的家乡。
ups and downs是名词词组，可用作主语和宾语，其前可加限定词my, your, the, this等。它的本意是指"高低，起伏"的意思，但它常用作喻意，表示"盛衰，成败，苦乐，好坏"等意思。例如：Life is full of ups and downs.人生充满苦和乐。The family suffers those ups and downs to which the great houses of Scotland have been ever liable.这个家庭遭遇的兴衰，是苏格兰许多大家族难以避免的。The fluctuations of market prices, their deviations from values, their ups and downs paralyze and compensate each other.市场价格的上下波动，市场价格的背离价值，市场价格的涨落都是相互抵消和互相补偿的。
6、useful for, useful to
这是两个形容词词组，通常用作动词be或become的表语或后置定语，都表示"对...有用的"的意思，但在用法上有所区别。
useful for中的for表示目的或用途，其后通常接动名词或事物名词。例如：These books are useful for writing.这些书对写作很有用。Those old |
